[0001 [0100 [0000 Ec[000000]LBabolitionB the termination of slavery in the southern United States Ec[000000]f[16]LBacid rainB rainwater that contains atmospheric pollutants and damages life in lakes and forests Ec[000000]f[16]LBAdirondacksB a mountain range located in northeastern New York Ec[000000]f[16]LBAllegheniesB one of several smaller mountain ranges that make up the Appalachian Mountains; the Allegheny Mountains are located in the state of Pennsylvania Ec[000000]f[16]LBAppalachian MountainsB a mountain range extending about 1,600 miles southward from the Quebec province in Canada, through the north and central parts of the eastern United States, as far south as northern Alabama; the Appalachians are made up of several smaller mountain ranges, including the Ec[000000]f[16]LFWhite Mountains, the Green Mountains, the Berkshire Hills, the Catskill Mountains, and the Allegheny Mountains Ec[000000]f[16]LBarcticB characteristic of the polar regions; referring to weather that is so cold it is considered frigid Ec[000000]f[16]LBBaptistsB a Protestant religious group Ec[000000]f[16]LBbargeB a long, large, flat-bottomed boat used to haul people and cargo on rivers and canals Ec[000000]f[16]LBbayB an inlet of the ocean or other body of water that projects into the land; a bay is usually a large area, although smaller than a gulf, that is separated from the main body of water by land curving around it Ec[000000]f[16]LBborderB a line separating one area or region from another Ec[000000]f[16]LBboroughsB the five administrative units of New York City, including the Bronx, Brooklyn, Staten Island, Queens, and Manhattan Ec[000000]f[16]LBBoston Tea PartyB a protest staged in 1773 by American colonists in opposition to the British tax on tea Ec[000000]f[16]LBboundaryB a border or line distinguishing one area or region from another Ec[000000]f[16]LBcamouflageB a protective coloration used by individuals in order to appear disguised as part of their natural surroundings Ec[000000]f[16]LBCivil WarB the war that occurred from 1861-1865 in the United States between the Northern states and the Southern states; the war was fought over slavery and other economic and political issues Ec[000000]f[16]LBclamB any of the marine or freshwater mollusks of the class Pelecypoda; clams are a popular seafood in the Northeast region Ec[000000]f[16]LBcoastal plainB a flat stretch of land that extends along a coastline just above sea level Ec[000000]f[16]LBColonialB pertaining to the original 13 colonies that formed the United States following the American Revolution Ec[000000]f[16]LBcondenseB to form a vapor as a result of weather conditions Ec[000000]f[16]LBcoveB a small, shallow inlet or bay of saltwater; in the Northeast, there are many shallow coves that provide a habitat for marine animals and other wildlife Ec[000000]f[16]LBcropsB agricultural produce such as corn or wheat Ec[000000]f[16]LBcurrentB a steady movement of water Ec[000000]f[16]LBdeclarationB a formal statement, usually written formal document Ec[000000]f[16]LBdockB a pier or wharf on which cargo can be loaded or unloaded Ec[000000]f[16]LBdredgeB a scooping machine used to deepen harbors or rivers; the act of deepening harbors or rivers Ec[000000]f[16]LBelevationB the height of something above the ground or sea level Ec[000000]f[16]LBErie CanalB an historic American canal, 363 miles long, that runs through the central part of New York Ec[000000]f[16]LBerosionB the natural process of weathering in which earth or rock is removed from the earth's surface Ec[000000]f[16]LBfertileB soil capable of producing a wealth of plant growth and good crops Ec[000000]f[16]LBfogB water vapor in the form of a cloud-like mass that hovers close to the ground Ec[000000]f[16]LBFrederick DouglassB an abolitionist whose newspaper, the INorth StarI, was a strong voice for the abolition movement Ec[000000]f[16]LBFrench and Indian WarsB North American colonial wars in which the French and Indians fought together against the British from 1689-1763 Ec[000000]f[16]LBfrontierB the region just beyond the settled or civilized area of a country or territory Ec[000000]f[16]LBGeorge WashingtonB the first president of the United States who led the Colonial forces in the Revolutionary War Ec[000000]f[16]LBGilded AgeB the years following the Civil War when speculators and railroad barons made a great deal of money Ec[000000]f[16]LBgraniteB a common, course-grained igneous rock containing large amounts of quartz Ec[000000]f[16]LBGreat LakesB five freshwater lakes located in the interior of the United States; these five lakes, among the largest freshwater lakes in the world, are named Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior Ec[000000]f[16]LBGreen MountainsB one of the smaller mountain ranges, located in Vermont, that make up the Appalachian Mountain system Ec[000000]f[16]LBgrowing seasonB the period of favorable weather during which a crop can be planted, grown, and harvested Ec[000000]f[16]LBhabitatB an area of the environment in which a biological organism lives Ec[000000]f[16]LBhailB precipitation consisting of pellets of ice Ec[000000]f[16]LBharborB an area of water along a coast, deep enough for ships and boats to enter and be protected from winds and currents Ec[000000]f[16]LBHarriet TubmanB an escaped slave and American abolitionist who helped bring other slaves to freedom by way of the Underground Railroad Ec[000000]f[16]LBHudson RiverB one of the major rivers in New York Ec[000000]f[16]LBimmigrantsB people who have left one country to permanently settle in another country Ec[000000]f[16]LBIndependence HallB the site in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania where the Declaration of Independence was signed Ec[000000]f[16]LBIndustrial RevolutionB pertains to the major changes which occurred in the way people lived and worked, caused by advancements in machinery, that took place from 1750-1900; in the United States, the period of Industrial Revolution began in the 1840s, prior to the Civil War Ec[000000]f[16]LBindustrial wasteB waste produced by industrial pursuits Ec[000000]f[16]LBindustryB commercial production and the sale of goods and services Ec[000000]f[16]LBinlandB an area away from a coast Ec[000000]f[16]LBinternal-combustion engineB an engine wherein fuel is burned Ec[000000]f[16]LBIroquoisB a Native American tribe that inhabited the Northeast Ec[000000]f[16]LBkelpB a brown-colored seaweed Ec[000000]f[16]LBLiberty BellB the bell in Independence Hall that was rung in July of 1776 to proclaim the Declaration of Independence Ec[000000]f[16]LBliteracyB the ability to read and write Ec[000000]f[16]LBlivestockB domestic animals raised and maintained as a food source Ec[000000]f[16]LBlockB the section of a canal in which water is raised and lowered Ec[000000]f[16]LBloggingB the business of felling trees and transporting them to mills Ec[000000]f[16]LBmaritimeB anything that pertains to the sea or to sailing and shipping; places with a maritime climate are directly affected by ocean conditions Ec[000000]f[16]LBmarshB an area of low-lying wetland that provides a habitat for wildlife and water species Ec[000000]f[16]LBMassachusetts BayB the bay on which the city of Boston is located Ec[000000]f[16]LBmetropolisB a large, urban center of culture, trade, and transportation Ec[000000]f[16]LBminutemenB colonial militiamen in the American Revolution who were ready to fight "at a minute's notice" Ec[000000]f[16]LBMohawk RiverB a river in upstate New York that parallels the Erie Canal Ec[000000]f[16]LBnatural resourceB industrial materials that are found in a natural state, such as forests or stone Ec[000000]f[16]LBnavigableB a water passage that is sufficiently wide and deep so that large ships can travel easily through it Ec[000000]f[16]LBNiagara FallsB one of the world's natural wonders, Niagara Falls is located in the Niagara River between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie Ec[000000]f[16]LBPaul RevereB a colonial silversmith and militiaman who, on the night of April 18, 1775, warned colonists living in the Massachusetts countryside of an approaching British expeditionary force Ec[000000]f[16]LBpeakB the highest point of a mountain range Ec[000000]f[16]LBpeninsulaB a long projection of land surrounded on three sides by water Ec[000000]f[16]LBpiedmontB the foothills of a mountain range Ec[000000]f[16]LBpollutionB the contamination of water, air, and soil Ec[000000]f[16]LBprecipitationB moisture that falls from the air to the ground, including rain, snow, sleet, and hail Ec[000000]f[16]LBpreservationB to maintain or preserve an area because of its historical importance or for the protection of its wildlife and natural resources Ec[000000]f[16]LBPuritansB a religious group who moved from England to the northeastern American colonies in order to avoid persecution Ec[000000]f[16]LBquahogB an edible clam found on the Atlantic coast in the Northeast region Ec[000000]f[16]LBrestorationB the act of returning something to its original condition Ec[000000]f[16]LBRevolutionary War B(BAmerican Revolution)B the American Revolution, also known as the American War of Independence, began in 1775 between England and its thirteen colonies in North America; the war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783, which formally recognized the United States as a new and independent nation Ec[000000]f[16]LBRoger WilliamsB the founder of the state of Rhode Island Ec[000000]f[16]LBruralB pertaining to country and farm life Ec[000000]f[16]LBsailboatB a small boat propelled by wind passing through its sails Ec[000000]f[16]LBsceneryB the landscape of a region Ec[000000]f[16]LBsea levelB the level of the ocean's surface Ec[000000]f[16]LBseasonalB pertaining to the seasons Ec[000000]f[16]LBsiltB sedimentary material carried and deposited by rivers Ec[000000]f[16]LBsourceB a river's point of origin Ec[000000]f[16]LBsquallsB ocean storms that affect coastal areas Ec[000000]f[16]LBSaint Lawrence SeawayB a waterway opened in 1959 after the St. Lawrence River in upstate New York was dredged to enable ocean-going vessels to sail on it Ec[000000]f[16]LBsteam engineB an engine powered by steam; steam engines have furnaces located outside of their engines Ec[000000]f[16]LBsuburbanB a residential area on the outskirts of a city Ec[000000]f[16]LBsuperhighwaysB wide interstate highways on which cars can travel with speed Ec[000000]f[16]LBsynagogueB a meeting place for Jewish worship and instruction Ec[000000]f[16]LBtextilesB woven or knitted cloth or fabric Ec[000000]f[16]LBTreaty of ParisB the 1783 treaty that formally ended the American Revolution; the treaty granted to the United States all of the territory that stretched from the original 13 colonies westward to the Mississippi River Ec[000000]f[16]LBUnderground RailroadB a secret network of transportation that helped slaves escape the South for freedom in the Northeast. It was run by former slaves and abolitionists who supported the anti-slavery movement before the Civil War Ec[000000]f[16]LBurbanB pertaining to a city or city life Ec[000000]f[16]LBwetlandsB a lowland area, such as a marsh or swamp, that is a natural habitat for wildlife Ec[000000]f[16]LBwhalingB one of colonial America's main industries. Large whaling ships cruised the Atlantic Ocean and caught and processed whales. Whale products were used for food, fuel and decoration Ec[000000]f[16]LBwildlifeB all animal and plant species living in an undomesticated state Ec[000000]f[16]LBWoodlands tribesB Native American tribes that once inhabited the forests of the Northeast region